Product Manager vs. Product Owner

What? As you may know, the product owner originated in Scrum, where the role is responsible for “maximising the value of the product create.” [1] This sounds like a text-book product management responsibility to me. Nevertheless, the product owner is often regarded as a tactical role tasked with managing the product backlog, detailing requirements, and interacting with the development team. How come? The confusion stems—at least partly—from the fact that Scrum is a simple framework focused on helping teams develop software. It does not cover common product management practices, such as, product strategy development, product roadmapping, and financial forecasting; and the only product management tool it offers is the product backlog. Additionally, the popular agile scaling framework SAFe employ a separate product manager and product owner role. Using a strategic product role and a tactical one is a common scaling technique. But calling the tactical role “product owner, ” as SAFe does, is an unfortunate mistake: The SAFe product owner is not the same as the Scrum product owner! Having two different product owner roles adds to the confusion. So What? So why did Scrum introduce a product owner role at all? Why didn’t the framework use the term product manager? It did in fact at one point in time, but the name was subsequently changed to product owner. [2] Here are three reasons why: First, when Scrum was developed in the 1990ies, product management was different from what it is today. Product managers used to do the upfront market research, product planning, and requirements definition work. They would then hand off a requirements specification to a project manager who would work with development and test to deliver the product. The product manager would return only to issue change requests or help with the product launch. This is in stark contrast to how things are done in an agile process, where product people are required to collaborate with the development teams on an ongoing basis—without neglecting the market and the internal stakeholders. Secondly, Scrum is applied outside the realm of product development and commercial software products. Many organisations that have adopted Scrum like banks, retailers, and media companies traditionally don’t have a product management group and hence no product managers. But they do have digital products that either help market and sell their revenue-generating offerings, such as, an online banking app, or they develop software that is used to automate business processes, increase productivity, and reduce cost. By offering the product owner role, these organisations can start working in an agile way without first having to establish a product management group and initiate an organisational change process. Instead, employees from the appropriate business units can—with some training and coaching—act as product owners. (In the long run, however, establishing a product management function may well be beneficial, as I discuss in my post “Five Tips for Introducing Product Management to Your Company.”) Last but not least, Ken Schwaber, one of the creators of Scrum and the individual who coined the Scrum terms, wanted the person in charge of the product to be empowered and own the product. [3] Now What? So where does this leave us? My hope is that we will move past the divisive product manager-product owner debate and just talk about product people. [4] In the short term, we should acknowledge that the product owner is a product management role. People playing the role should therefore acquire the relevant product management skills. A two-day training course is not enough to become a competent product owner, of course, no matter if it results in a certification or not. Product management is a complex, multi-faceted discipline that takes time and effort to master. Additionall